বিপিএসসি নন-ক্যাডার সিএসই (বিষয়ভিত্তিক) MCQ প্রশ্ন সমাধান ২০২৫ — প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান

ব্যাখ্যা: Virtual memory is implemented using the hard disk to temporarily hold data that cannot be stored in RAM due to capacity limitations. The OS swaps data between RAM and disk using a paging mechanism. Discrete Mathematics: Prepositional and predicate calculus: Basic concept. Theory of sets: set operations, algebra of sets. Mathematical induction. Basic concept of relations and its representation. Functions and its classification and pictorial representation. Graph theory and its application. Elementary number system. Principles of counting. Reversion, generating, functions, recurrence relation.

ব্যাখ্যা: Two sets are disjoint if they have no elements in common. The intersection of such sets is the empty set (∅).

ব্যাখ্যা: AI involves building systems capable of performing tasks that require human-like intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and decision-making.

ব্যাখ্যা: In chess, all pieces and moves are visible to both players. There is no hidden state or randomness in the environment, making it a fully observable and deterministic environment.

ব্যাখ্যা: In genetic algorithms, mutation introduces random changes in individuals to maintain diversity in the population. It helps the algorithm avoid local minima and explore new solutions.

ব্যাখ্যা: Hill Climbing is a greedy algorithm that moves towards the goal by choosing the best neighbor. The major issue is that it may get stuck at a local maximum, which is not the global solution.

ব্যাখ্যা: The Intel 8086 has 8 general-purpose 16-bit registers: AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, BP, and SP. These registers are used for arithmetic, data manipulation, and addressing.

ব্যাখ্যা: The 8086 microprocessor has a 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access 2²⁰ = 1MB of memory. This is separate from its 16-bit data bus.

ব্যাখ্যা: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a core part of the Processing Unit. It performs all arithmetic and logical operations within the microprocessor.

ব্যাখ্যা: Fuse rating is measured in amperes (A), indicating the maximum current it can safely carry without blowing.

ব্যাখ্যা: Z₀ = √(L/C) = √(8.5×10⁻⁹ / 300×10⁻¹²) = √(28.33) ≈ 5.32Ω.

ব্যাখ্যা: i(t) = dq/dt = d/dt [5t·sin(4πt)] → Use product rule. At t=0.5, result = 0.03142 A = 31.42 mA.

ব্যাখ্যা: Nuclear power plants operate continuously and supply the base load due to their efficiency and low fuel cost.

ব্যাখ্যা: The superposition theorem states that in a linear circuit with multiple sources, the total current or voltage at any point is the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages caused by each independent source acting alone. This principle only applies to linear systems, which means the response is directly proportional to the input.

ব্যাখ্যা: The maximum power transfer theorem states that power is maximized when the load resistance equals the Thevenin resistance (Rth). Formula: Pmax = (Vth²) / (4 × Rth) = (40²) / (4 × 10) = 1600 / 40 = 40 W

ব্যাখ্যা: The common collector (also known as emitter follower) configuration offers unity gain and high input impedance, ideal as a voltage buffer.

ব্যাখ্যা: At high frequencies, internal capacitances in a transistor reduce gain as they act as low-pass filters.

ব্যাখ্যা: According to Maxwell's equations, divergence of electric flux density is non-zero for time-varying fields, and divergence of magnetic field is always zero.

ব্যাখ্যা: Low-pass filters pass DC and low-frequency signals, blocking high-frequency ones.

ব্যাখ্যা: An op-amp integrator outputs a ramp waveform when given a step input because integration of a constant (step) yields a ramp.